Types and choice of wood stoves for heating a private house

System features

A conventional brick oven consists of components such as a fire chamber, an ash pan, grates and chimneys. These components of a simple Russian stove are probably familiar to any villager. In visual terms, modern types of stoves are practically no different from traditional rustic designs.

The main characteristics of furnaces with water heating

Traditional ovens are characterized by such characteristics as:

• A simple rustic stove can release more than 6500 kcal of heat in one hour. This amount of heat is enough to heat a house with a small area. Such a heating system will be an ideal solution for a small country house. A water-heated stove, in which the main component is a water boiler, will be about 2.5 times more efficient.Through such a heating system, you can already heat a house with a much larger area. In order to heat the house, the same amount of fuel is required, which means that such a system will be more economical.
• A heating system that combines a stove and a boiler will also be effective. If both systems work simultaneously, then their performance increases many times over. A tandem of two such heating systems can produce more than 21,000 kcal of heat in one hour of operation. This amount of heat is enough to heat a house with an area of ​​​​up to 300 square meters. meters.

• Most often, such a heating system uses fuel such as coal or wood. The price of such fuel is not high, and its transportation should not cause any special difficulties. Firewood can be combined with coal at the same time.
• There is no need to constantly heat stoves with water heating. Fuel can be put into the furnace several times a day. You can create comfortable conditions indoors, no matter what the weather or temperature is outside.
• If we compare the efficiency of traditional stove heating with a combined system, then this figure will increase from 50% to 85%. For heating on wood, this indicator can be called ideal.
• The materials that are needed to organize such a heating system are quite affordable and are not included in the expensive price category.

Disadvantages of stoves with water heating

Stove heating also has its drawbacks, and it would be unfair not to list them.

A brick oven with water heating can be installed not only in a rural or country house, but also in elite cottages.Usually, the owners of elite houses strive to ensure that such a furnace for water heating, in addition to its usual functions, also performs a decorative role. During the operation of such a combined system, it is necessary to observe some safety and care rules for the system:

The furnace for water heating at home should be under human control at all times

This concerns not only the issue of fuel loading, but also the cleaning of the ash chamber.
Smoke channels also require attention. Before starting a fire in the lever, make sure that the smoke channel valves are in the open position.
Such systems can only be used in the cold season. In the warm season, it will not be practical to use such a heating stove with a water circuit for cooking.

If you need to cook food, it is better to use another alternative heat source for this purpose.

In the warm season, it will not be practical to use such a heating stove with a water circuit for cooking. If you need to cook food, it is better to use another alternative heat source for this purpose.

If you want to make custom-made furnaces for water heating at home, it is better to seek help from professionals. If your oven is made by an unqualified person, there is no guarantee that the oven will function normally or be completely safe. Overheating the oven can cause some problems, which will eventually lead to a complete breakdown of the oven.

Since the flame has high temperature indicators, it will eventually violate the integrity of the boiler walls. This means that the time will come when the heat exchanger will need to be changed.This is not so easy to do, since you need to remove a good part of the masonry.

What to look for when choosing a project

To finally decide for yourself whether a wood-burning stove is needed in the house, decide on the choice of project and do it with a particularly careful approach to business. Prices for wood stoves can vary greatly from each other, ranging from 20 thousand rubles to hundreds of thousands. In order to choose the right project for your stove, ask yourself the following questions:

What is the number of rooms in the house to be heated by stoves, or maybe you want to heat only one large room and make the stove an interior design solution

Much depends on the answer to this question, here it is important not to make a mistake with the choice so as not to regret in the future
If you need to heat the whole house, choose projects with the possibility of connecting to central heating.
How often are you away from home? Will you be able to add fuel 2 times a day or do you need a furnace that can function on its own for several days? Also, carefully approach the solution of this issue, you may have to invest more in the purchase of a wood-burning stove, but the result will exceed all expectations.

What type of fuel will you use? Wood is an ideal environmentally friendly type of fuel, but if you plan to use other types, pay attention to this when choosing a project, perhaps a multi-fuel stove is more suitable.

Is there a place to store the fuel? For this type of fuel, a stove needs a lot of space and appropriate conditions, it is very important that the wood and coal do not become damp.
Is it possible to meet regulatory standards? In Russia, the law on the size of the chimney and hearth came into force. The distance from the furnace to any combustible materials must also be observed.

The distance from the oven to any combustible materials must also be observed.

Is there a place to store the fuel? For this type of fuel, a stove needs a lot of space and appropriate conditions, it is very important that the wood and coal do not become damp.
Is it possible to meet regulatory standards? In Russia, the law on the size of the chimney and hearth came into force. The distance from the oven to any combustible materials must also be observed.

Furnace maintenance

A separate issue is the maintenance of wood stoves. This process can be divided into several components:

• The first stage is fuel preparation. It uses dry firewood. It is best to think about harvesting logs in the summer. Also at this time, it is desirable to carry out such work as cleaning the furnace chamber and chimney.
• The second stage is the storage of firewood. In order for them, being on the street, to be protected from precipitation, it is necessary to allocate a special place for them. And it is best to create the right firewood for their easy access to them. The woodpile must be covered with protective material.

Another important point is cleaning the stove and removing ash from it. If you take this issue lightly, then the efficiency of the furnace will decrease during operation due to the accumulation of combustion products in the structure.

brick ovens

For heating in the bath, it is better to use brick stoves, which are less susceptible to corrosion in conditions of high humidity. However, they are suitable not only for the bath room.A brick stove for heating a house with wood is used in regions with power outages and when other types of fuel are not available. Consider the main varieties of such heating structures.

Russian oven

This is a design with significant dimensions, but a large set of functions. Such a structure has an open firebox with a damper and extended smoke channels that run inside the entire structure and heat it well. In some cases, there may be another firebox, on top of which there is a hob.

These are versatile designs with many functions:

1. You can dry shoes and clothes on the Russian stove.
2. The design is convenient in cooking. You can not only cook, but also bake, stew, fry.
3. The entire room is heated, as well as a separate heated bed, which is used for rest or sleep.

The efficiency of such a device is only 60%. In winter, the furnace has to be heated constantly, not allowing it to cool, because when it cools down, condensation forms, which causes cracking of the brick.

The advantages of Russian stoves are in their functionality, uniform heating of the house and colorful appearance. The disadvantages include significant size and weight, as well as the need to build a foundation. The cost of such a design due to the large consumption of materials is rather big. Additional disadvantages are low efficiency and the need for regular cleaning.

Dutch

The Dutch woman is a channel-type stove. It has vertical channels for good heating of the walls. If it is planned to heat the bath from a bath stove, then this design is suitable for this purpose due to its compactness.

Dutch benefits:

• compact dimensions;
• quickly warms up due to thin walls;
• after a long break in heating, it quickly reaches full power;
• suitable for home heating up to 70 m².

The disadvantages of such designs are low efficiency (only 40%). The device operates in the smoldering mode. For good traction, the structure needs regular cleaning. Proper operation requires skill and constant supervision.

Swedish

The difference between the Swede and the Dutch is in the universal design. With a compact size, it is more efficient. This is a multifunctional design with a hob, oven and niches for drying.

In fact, this is a channel-type furnace with partial use of the principles of bell-type devices (gases are burned under the furnace roof). The device is suitable for heating two adjacent rooms, therefore it is not used in spacious large houses.

Benefits of the Swedish:

• rapid heating of the room and efficient combustion of solid fuel;
• the lower part warms up well, which helps to heat the floor in the house;
• you can cook food, dry clothes and vegetables, and also just heat up food;
• if you additionally build in a heat exchanger, you can heat water for domestic needs.

The disadvantage of the design is its high cost, because only fireclay bricks are used for masonry. In the lower part, you need to make thermal insulation to avoid heat loss. Do not let the stove cool down during the cold season, because this will cause the destruction of the masonry.

Bell-type furnaces

Bell-type heating devices are the result of modern developments. They heat evenly on each side and retain heat well. In such structures there are no winding channels, so ash practically does not settle in them.

The principle of operation is as follows: the furnace smoke rises under the dome, where it cools down to a certain temperature. After that, it descends along the walls, causing them to heat up. The design usually provides for a cascade of caps, which increases the efficiency of the device.

Such devices are practically devoid of disadvantages. Their advantages include simplicity of design, reasonable cost and low consumption of materials. Additional advantages - fast heating of the room, due to the lack of back draft, the oven with an open damper does not cool down, the device can be supplemented with a heat exchanger and a hob. Even a novice master can assemble such a design.

The use of combined boilers

Today, such devices are universal, and at the same time economical devices for autonomous heat supply at home. Their main trump card is that there is no binding to one type of fuel. If such a boiler is powered by electricity, then during a sudden shutdown, you can melt the wood stove to keep the heat in the house and vice versa.

Buying a combined boiler solves several problems at once:

• If there is no main gas pipeline in the village where the house is built, then it is possible to use two alternative types of energy carrier at once - solid fuel and electricity.
• If a country house is connected to a weak power line, a combined boiler is almost ideal - you won’t have to freeze if you need to turn on another powerful electrical appliance for a long time.
• Excludes cooling of the house when using solid fuel.Such a unit, connected to water heating, helps maintain a constant temperature in the system: in the event of a burnout of the fuel, the boiler will automatically smoothly switch to heating through the heating element. This is especially convenient at night: no need to get up and put firewood in the furnace.

When a conventional boiler cools down, it must be ignited immediately so as not to lose heat.

Wood boilers

Boilers using wood as fuel have a simple scheme of operation, which simplifies their operation and repair.

The basis of the design is the combustion chamber. Logs are placed in it, then they are set on fire. As combustion proceeds, fuel is added and the products of the process exit through the heat exchanger.

Heat-resistant pipes are heated by heat, giving off heat to the furnace body, and then to the room.

Under the chamber is a stand that collects ash. This part of the device is cleaned 2-3 times a week to avoid clogging. The remaining fuel can be saved for further fertilization of the soil.

The operation of a wood-fired boiler can be described as follows:

• As it burns, the fuel releases heat, which passes into the heat exchanger.
• Heat is transferred to carriers: furnace body or water circuit.
• Heat carriers warm up the room.

The type of heating affects the type of device. A conventional stove transfers heat to the room where it is located. Water heating consists in heating water, which heats the house through radiators. Air heating involves the removal of smoke through ventilation, the shaft of which is laid along the rooms. The heat gives off heat, and the cooled coolant leaves the house.

Advantages:

• Low cost of the device and fuel. Dried logs from fallen trees are suitable for space heating.
• Wood heating does not require a special permit, like gas heating.
• The wood burning boiler is easy to operate. It is enough to kindle a fire, periodically adding fuel. Once every two days, the ash rack is cleaned. The chimney is cleaned every few months.
• Wood boilers are safer than gas and electric counterparts, as they are made of heat-resistant materials.

Flaws:

• The boiler requires care and supervision. As it burns, fuel must be replenished, logs must be stored in advance. The ash tray and chimney need to be cleaned.
• Although wood-fired boilers are inexpensive, really good construction comes at a high cost.
• Fuel storage requires a separate building with low humidity.
• The product of combustion, smoke, leaves behind an unpleasant odor in the presence of poor-quality traction.
• Some stoves are bulky, they require an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

Popular device models

Well-known and high-quality brands of wood-burning boilers should be highlighted:

• NMK Siberia-Gefest KVO 15 TE.
• Protherm Beaver 20 DLO.
• Bourgeois-K MODERN-12.

The first model has enough power to heat a building with an area of ​​150 square meters. The efficiency of the device is 70-75%. The boiler is fired with wood or coal. The coolant obtained through fuel combustion has an average temperature of 70 °C. The heat exchanger is made of heat-resistant steel. The device is equipped with a tubular electric heater with a power of 4 kW. NMK Siberia-Gefest KVO 15 TE weighs 115 kg and holds pressure up to 2 bar.

The second model has the best performance. The power is enough to heat 190 square meters, and the efficiency is about 90%. The temperature of the heating medium is directly regulated, it is in the range from 30 to 85 °C. The heat exchanger is made of cast iron, consists of several sections and is divided into two passes.The high efficiency of Protherm Bober 20 DLO allows you to recoup the cost of the device by saving fuel. The device is equipped with temperature and pressure control systems.

Photo 2. Wood boiler NMK Siberia-Gefest KVO 15 TE. The device is made in a combination of black and orange.

Bourgeois-K MODERN-12 - pyrolysis wood boiler. Management is carried out manually, although there are devices with electronics. Enough power to heat 120 sq. m. The cost of the boiler is due to the high efficiency - 92% and the ability to work on any fuel: wood, coal, peat and more. The coolant reaches a temperature of 95 °C by activating the compressor. Along with the previous model, Bourgeois-K MODERN-12 is equipped with temperature and pressure control systems.

Price

The price of a wood-burning boiler depends on the factory specifications and the manufacturer. It is influenced by the material of the heat exchanger and the presence of electronics that automate control. The cost of the presented models, in rubles:

• NMK Siberia-Gefest KVO 15 TE - 18 thousand;
• Protherm Beaver 20 DLO - 45 thousand;
• Bourgeois-K MODERN-12 - 55 thousand rubles

The smart choice: what to look out for

At different times in different countries, there were many varieties of wood-burning heaters. They differed externally, had different design features and purpose. Modern stoves for heating a house with wood can be classified in many ways:

• By appointment. Furnaces are heating, heating and cooking (then they have a hob and / or oven), special purpose (for example, for a sauna, greenhouse or garage).
• By brand. On sale there are models of both Russian and foreign production. Among the latter are ovens from Poland, Canada, Sweden, France, Serbia, the Czech Republic and Belgium.

Suspended drop fireplace with a high-tech rotating firebox

• To size. Dimensions and weight can sometimes be decisive.
• By location. It can be wall, corner, universal or island.
• According to the location and parameters of the chimney. Chimneys have different diameters and are located at the top, rear or top/rear.
• By material. The body is made of cast iron, steel, stone, brick, ceramics, tile (tile).
• According to the material of the furnace. The firebox is made of steel, cast iron, fireclay, vermiculite or ceramics.
• By performance. Models are designed for a different volume (area) of a heated room and have different thermal power (indicated in kW) and efficiency (from 50 to 95%).
• By design features. There are models on the market with a fire-resistant glass or solid door, or with a water circuit (heat exchanger).

Brick heating and cooking stove conveys the atmosphere of country life

When buying a wood-burning stove, pay attention to the defining parameters:

• Wall and firebox material. It is better if the furnace is made of heat-resistant high-alloy steel, cast iron or black boiler steel. The walls of quality products are made thick (sometimes up to 8 mm) or lined with fireclay bricks.
• Profitability. On sale are designs of long burning (with a special furnace device and high efficiency); firewood is laid in them every 4-8 hours.
• Appointment. When choosing one or another design, it must be remembered that a free-standing stove will heat only the room in which it is installed, a wall-mounted stove will also heat adjacent ones (with a common wall). A steam generator is provided in the sauna stove (a container for filling stones).

Design scheme with a long-burning water circuit

System features

A conventional brick oven consists of components such as a fire chamber, an ash pan, grates and chimneys. These components of a simple Russian stove are probably familiar to any villager. In visual terms, modern types of stoves are practically no different from traditional rustic designs.

The main characteristics of furnaces with water heating

Traditional ovens are characterized by such characteristics as:

• A simple rustic stove can release more than 6500 kcal of heat in one hour. This amount of heat is enough to heat a house with a small area. Such a heating system will be an ideal solution for a small country house. A water-heated stove, in which the main component is a water boiler, will be about 2.5 times more efficient. Through such a heating system, you can already heat a house with a much larger area. In order to heat the house, the same amount of fuel is required, which means that such a system will be more economical.
• A heating system that combines a stove and a boiler will also be effective. If both systems work simultaneously, then their performance increases many times over. A tandem of two such heating systems can produce more than 21,000 kcal of heat in one hour of operation. This amount of heat is enough to heat a house with an area of ​​​​up to 300 square meters. meters.

Furnace connected to water heating

• Most often, such a heating system uses fuel such as coal or wood. The price of such fuel is not high, and its transportation should not cause any special difficulties. Firewood can be combined with coal at the same time.
• There is no need to constantly heat stoves with water heating. Fuel can be put into the furnace several times a day. You can create comfortable conditions indoors, no matter what the weather or temperature is outside.
• If we compare the efficiency of traditional stove heating with a combined system, then this figure will increase from 50% to 85%. For heating on wood, this indicator can be called ideal.
• The materials that are needed to organize such a heating system are quite affordable and are not included in the expensive price category.

Disadvantages of stoves with water heating

Stove heating also has its drawbacks, and it would be unfair not to list them.

A brick oven with water heating can be installed not only in a rural or country house, but also in elite cottages. Usually, the owners of elite houses strive to ensure that such a furnace for water heating, in addition to its usual functions, also performs a decorative role. During the operation of such a combined system, it is necessary to observe some safety and care rules for the system:

The furnace for water heating at home should be under human control at all times

This concerns not only the issue of fuel loading, but also the cleaning of the ash chamber.
Smoke channels also require attention. Before starting a fire in the lever, make sure that the smoke channel valves are in the open position.
Such systems can only be used in the cold season.

In the warm season, it will not be practical to use such a heating stove with a water circuit for cooking.If you need to cook food, it is better to use another alternative heat source for this purpose.

If you want to make custom-made furnaces for water heating at home, it is better to seek help from professionals. If your oven is made by an unqualified person, there is no guarantee that the oven will function normally or be completely safe. Overheating the oven can cause some problems, which will eventually lead to a complete breakdown of the oven.

A conventional stove is usually designed to heat a small room.

Since the flame has high temperature indicators, it will eventually violate the integrity of the boiler walls. This means that the time will come when the heat exchanger will need to be changed. This is not so easy to do, since you need to remove a good part of the masonry.