Gas boiler chimney deflector: installation requirements and installation rules

Classification of deflectors for chimneys

All devices are divided into three large groups according to several criteria.

Before making a final decision, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the most famous deflector designs.

The comparative table will list only those models that are popular with private developers.

Table. Types of deflectors for the chimney

The master should choose a suitable deflector after a careful analysis of all factors. But it must be borne in mind that very strong traction has not only positive, but also negative sides. What exactly?

1. The air movement is so fast that the wick is extinguished. This problem often occurs on gas heating boilers. Modern models have automatic ignition with an electric spark. It constantly works, which causes inconvenience to users. Boilers of an outdated design are not equipped with such devices; they have to be started manually.

   If the draft is too strong, the flame in the boiler will constantly blow out

2. Strong draft reduces the efficiency of the heating boiler. Hot combustion products for a short period of contact with the heat exchanger do not have time to give it the maximum amount of thermal energy. A significant part of it is removed through the chimney, which increases the cost of financial resources for the maintenance of the building in the winter.

   Strong draft significantly reduces the efficiency of the boiler, as a result of which heating costs increase

3. The strong draft of the chimney causes an increased influx of cold outside air. As a result, the comfort of staying in the premises worsens, the temperature drops, it is necessary to increase the power of the boilers.And this, taking into account the current cost of energy carriers, is reflected in the financial situation of users.

   Method for checking the presence and strength of draft in the chimney

The installation of a chimney can be considered using the example of a double-circuit design

Chimneys for a gas boiler are being installed in the direction of the structure from the bottom up, that is, from the heating objects of the room towards the chimney. With this installation, the inner tube is put on the previous one, and the outer tube is inserted on the previous one.

All pipes are fastened to each other with clamps, and along the entire laying line, every 1.5–2 meters, brackets are installed to fix the pipe to a wall or other building element. A clamp is a special fastening element, with the help of which not only the parts are connected to each other, but also the tightness of the joints is ensured.

The laid sections of the structure in the horizontal direction up to 1 meter should not come into contact with elements that pass close to the communications. The working channels of the chimney are placed along the walls of buildings.

Be sure to install a bracket on the wall every 2 meters of the chimney, and the tee is attached using a support bracket. If it is necessary to fix the channel on a wooden wall, then the pipe is lined with non-combustible material, for example, asbestos.

When attaching to a concrete or brick wall, special aprons are used. Then we bring the end of the horizontal pipe through the wall and mount the tee necessary for the vertical pipe there. It is necessary to install the brackets on the wall after 2.5 m.

The next step is to mount, lift the vertical pipe and bring it out through the roof. The pipe is usually assembled on the ground and the mount for the brackets is prepared. The fully assembled volumetric pipe is difficult to install on the elbow.

To simplify, a hinge is used, which is made by welding pieces of sheet iron or cutting a pin. Typically, the vertical pipe is inserted into the tee pipe and secured with a pipe clamp. The hinge is attached to the knee in a similar way.

After raising the pipe in a vertical position, the pipe joints should be bolted where possible. Then you should unscrew the nuts of the bolts on which the hinge was fastened. Then we cut or knock out the bolts themselves.

Having selected the hinge, we attach the remaining bolts in the connection. After that, we stretch the remaining brackets. We first adjust the tension manually, then we fix the cable and adjust it with screws.

Necessary distances to be observed when the chimney is located outside

The installation is completed by checking the chimney draft. To do this, bring a burning piece of paper to the fireplace or stove. Draft is present when the flame is deflected towards the chimney.

The figure below shows the distances that must be observed in various options for the location of the chimney from the outside:

• when installed on a flat roof, the distance must not be less than 500 mm;
• if the pipe is removed from the roof ridge to a distance that is less than 1.5 meters, the height of the pipe must be at least 500 mm in relation to the ridge;
• if the chimney outlet installation is located at a distance of more than 3 meters from the roof ridge, then the height should not be more than the expected straight line.

The setting depends on the type of duct directions required for the combustion of the fuel. In the interior of the room, there are several types of directions for the chimney channel:

Support bracket for chimney

• direction with a rotation of 90 or 45 degrees;
• vertical direction;
• horizontal direction;
• direction with a slope (at an angle).

It is necessary to install support brackets for fixing the tees every 2 meters of the smoke channel, it is necessary to provide additional wall mounting. In no case, when installing a chimney, horizontal sections higher than 1 meter should not be created.

When installing chimneys, consider:

• the distance from metal and reinforced concrete beams to the inner surface of the chimney walls, which should not exceed 130 mm;
• the distance to many flammable structures is at least 380 mm;
• cuttings for non-combustible metals are made for the passage of smoke channels through the ceiling to the roof or through the wall;
• the distance from combustible structures to an uninsulated metal chimney must be at least 1 meter.

The connection of the chimney of a gas boiler is carried out on the basis of building codes and the manufacturer's instructions. The chimney requires cleaning up to four times a year (see How to Clean a Chimney).

In order to optimally calculate the height of the chimney, it is necessary to take into account the type of roof and the height of the building:

• the elevation of the chimney pipe must be at least 1 meter when installed on a flat roof and at least 0.5 meters above a non-flat one;
• the location of the chimney on the roof must be made at a distance of 1.5 meters from the ridge;
• the height of an ideal chimney has a height of at least 5 meters.

Popular product types

You probably noticed that they come in different shapes. Modern devices may have different tops:

1. flat
2. Semicircle
3. with lid
4. With gable roof

semicircular cap

The first type is most often installed on houses made in the Art Nouveau style. For ordinary modern buildings, a semicircular cap is mainly used. A deflector gable roof does the best job of protecting the chimney from snow.

Chimneys are mainly made of galvanized iron, less often of copper. But today products covered with enamel or heat-resistant polymer are coming into fashion. If the device is used on ventilation ducts where there is no direct contact with heated air, then a plastic cap can be used.

The designs of the deflectors are also different.

In the domestic market, the most popular are:

• TsAGI deflector, spherical with rotation, open "Astato"
• Grigorovich's device
• "Smoke Tooth"
• Round chimney "Voller"
• Star Shenard

Various types of chimney caps

The TsAGI deflector has become the most popular in the Russian open spaces. Its package includes:

• Branch pipe (inlet)
• frame
• Diffuser
• Umbrella
• brackets

You can buy a factory deflector and install it on the chimney, but some people prefer to make it themselves from scrap materials. To do this, follow a few simple rules.

This is a mechanism that has a rotating body and is connected to a bearing assembly, specially curved parts are fixed on it. The weather vane itself is located on top, it allows the entire device, as it were, to constantly keep in the wind.

The ring with a bearing assembly built into it is attached to the chimney cut with strong bolts. The air flow passing between the visors is accelerated, which leads to the creation of a rarefied zone. Thrust, respectively, increases and increases the efficiency of the output of combustion products.

How to make a do-it-yourself chimney deflector

First you need to decide what material it will be created from. It can be galvanized iron or stainless steel. Copper is also suitable, although it is an expensive material. The use of these metals is due to the fact that the deflector must be as resistant to temperature extremes and atmospheric influences as possible.

The device has its own specific parameters that must be adhered to. For example, the height of the chimney should be 1.6-1.7 parts of the inner diameter of the pipe, and the width should be 1.9.

The sequence of work on the independent creation of the deflector is as follows:

1. On cardboard we draw a scan of the main details.
2. We transfer the patterns to the metal and cut out individual parts.
3. We connect all the elements to one another, using fasteners or welding for this.
4. We make steel brackets needed for fastening the cap on the surface of the chimney.
5. We collect the cap.

A self-made deflector is first assembled and only then mounted on a pipe. The cylinder is installed first, which is fixed with fasteners. Using clamps, a diffuser is fixed on it, as well as a cap, in the form of an inverse cone. This simple element allows the device to function in any wind.

Watch the video, do it yourself and step by step:

To make a cap yourself, you will need the following items and tools:

• Rubber or wooden mallet
• A hammer
• Bar
• clamps
• Scissors for working with metal
• Steel corner.

To simplify the process of assembling the device, corners are specially cut off on all parts on both sides.

The installation of a deflector is mandatory and is most effective in the presence of an indirect chimney.

When making the device yourself, you must strictly adhere to the proportions indicated above. If the deflector installed on the chimney does not meet these parameters, then it will not be able to properly perform its main function of creating good draft.

We make the cap ourselves, video review:

When making metal blanks on your own, it is best to do this using cardboard patterns cut to the required dimensions. By attaching them to a sheet of metal, it will be enough to circle the details along the contour and you can safely cut them out without fear of making a mistake.

If the pipe has the maximum allowable diameter, then installation will require the use of an extension made of wire.

Main types

Specialized stores offer many design options. Which deflector is better to choose for the chimney will depend on the type of boiler. Very often, simple models are made by hand in order to save money. The most popular reflectors include the following devices:

1. TsAGI is considered the most popular device. It has a cylindrical shape. Such a reflector is made of stainless steel or galvanized. According to the type of connection, it can be nipple and flange. The main advantage is a convenient location for the removal of air masses through the ventilation ducts, which improves traction.Through this design, smoke quickly exits the chimney. Among the disadvantages is the difficulty in manufacturing.
2. Round Volper is very similar to TsAGI, but it has differences in the upper part. A protective visor is installed there from various contaminants and precipitation. The most relevant model for baths, made of stainless steel, galvanized and copper.
3. The Grigorovich reflector is the most affordable option, so it is often made by hand. A simple design consists of an upper and lower cylinder, a cone, nozzles and brackets for fixing. The simplicity of the device is its main advantage, and the high position of the umbrella is considered a minus, which contributes to the side blowing of smoke.
4. The H-shaped reflector is suitable for installation with pipe segments, which allows it to withstand maximum wind loads. The main parts of the device are mounted in the form of the letter H. This feature prevents dirt and precipitation from entering the pipe due to the horizontal location of the pipe. The vertically arranged side elements improve internal draft, resulting in smoke being discharged simultaneously in different directions.
5. A weather vane is a device with a rotating housing fixed at the top of the chimney. It is made from stainless steel or carbon steel. Peaks that cut through the air currents of the wind are designed to improve draft in the chimney. They also serve to protect boilers and furnaces from contamination from outside. The disadvantage of the device is the fragility of the bearings that contribute to the movement of the visors.
6. The plate reflector can also be attributed to the simplest and most affordable deflectors. It protects the chimney system well and provides strong draft.To prevent dirt and precipitation from entering the pipe, the device is equipped with a special visor. In its lower part there is a cap directed towards the pipe. Internal thrust is improved twice due to the narrow and rarefied channel, where air masses enter.

Some of the models can be made independently. To do this, you must have working drawings with the specified dimensions. The required values ​​can be obtained after measuring the inner diameter of the chimney. If there are inaccuracies in the parameters, then difficulties will arise during the installation of the device and during its further operation.

Installation of products is carried out in two ways - on a piece of pipe or on a chimney. The first option is the most convenient, since preliminary work can be done below, and not on the roof, which is safer. Factory products are most often equipped with a lower nozzle, which makes the task easier. It is simply put on the pipe and fixed with metal clamps.

How to make a deflector on the chimney of a gas boiler and stove: do-it-yourself installation according to drawings and diagrams

Craftsmen can make their own device and install it. You will need to prepare materials with tools:

• paper;
• galvanized sheet metal;
• drawing with calculations;
• rivet gun;
• special scissors designed for metal carving;
• drill;
• marker.

Before starting work, put on personal protective equipment, which includes goggles with gloves.

Make a Grigorovich deflector with your own hands. Homemade products are made of tin, boiler steel, galvanized iron.The model consists of a lower cylinder, a branch pipe included in it, an upper cylinder, a cone, 2 brackets. Its distinctive characteristic is to create traction even in calm weather.

Coaxial chimney as a ventilation element

Due to their design, coaxial chimneys are quite reasonably popular. They are assembled according to the “pipe in pipe” scheme, which allows you to perform two functions necessary for gas equipment at once: the output of combustion products to the outside and the air supply to ensure the combustion process.

Coaxial chimneys are divided into two types: horizontally and vertically located. The first are installed in the wall, the second are led out through the ceiling to the attic, then to the roof. A vertical flue gas system is longer, more expensive, more difficult to install and requires the installation of a condensate trap.

The only disadvantage of the equipment is the risk of freezing of condensate on the outer part brought out. The problem is solved by insulating the pipe with mineral wool or other heat-insulating material, although in cold weather this will not save

To combat frost, the end of the pipe is equipped with a lattice head.

A few rules for the correct installation of a coaxial chimney:

• The pipe outlet is recommended to be equipped at a height of 2 m above the ground.
• The distance from the pipe to the window located on top is at least 1 m.
• A condensate collector is not necessary if the pipe is installed at an inclination of 3-12° towards the street.
• It is prohibited to bring the line to the adjacent room.

If there is a gas pipe near the chimney outlet, the distance between them must be 0.2 m or more.

The standard equipment of horizontal equipment consists of a pipe, an elbow for connecting to the boiler, adapters, decorative overlays, compression rings, fixing bolts.

Installation example of a horizontal coaxial chimney that exits through a wall:

Measures for the installation of a horizontal coaxial chimney are recognized as the easiest in terms of execution, therefore they are recommended for self-installation. At the end of the work, the boiler is put into operation and the tightness of the connected pipe is checked.

Can it be installed on a chimney

By installing a deflector, unlucky homeowners are trying to solve the problem of lack of traction. This happens when the chimney is not made correctly - the head has fallen into the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wind support of the roof, raised to a low height, or a neighbor built a tall building nearby.

The best solution for insufficient draft is to raise the chimney to the desired height. Why it is undesirable to put various nozzles on the head:

1. It is forbidden to put umbrellas and other exhaust devices on the pipes that discharge the products of combustion of gas boilers. These are safety requirements.
2. During combustion, stoves and solid fuel boilers emit soot that settles on the inner surfaces of chimneys and hoods. The deflector will have to be cleaned, especially the rotating one.
3. At the bottom of a properly constructed smoke channel, there is a pocket for collecting condensate and excess moisture. It is pointless to close the pipe from precipitation; it is enough to attach a nozzle to the end that protects the sandwich insulation.

The heads of furnace gas ducts can be equipped with umbrellas, but a turbo deflector is definitely not needed there. The topic of mounting caps on chimney ducts is described in detail in a separate material.