We clean the well ourselves

How to clean a well

To do this, there are 2 methods: manual method and drainage. The first type of cleaning is used if there is no electricity on the site. In the second case, a drainage pump is used, which leads to a good result in removing dirt from the filter and the bottom of the well.

By hand

When doing work with your own hands, you must take into account its danger and laboriousness. Therefore, it is better to carry out the event on your own with a small depth of the well. If this parameter exceeds 8-10 m, then it is recommended to call specialists.

On the left is a brush with a metallic bristle for cleaning the walls of the well, on the right is a grab for removing silt and sand.

Work is done in the following order:

1. First, water is pumped out, and the operation is carried out in stages, removing liquid by 0.3-0.5 m and cleaning the walls of the well. Dirt is removed with a soft brush or sponge. If you use a metal brush for work, then additional repairs to the shaft may be required.
2. When the well shaft is completely washed out and the worker reaches the bottom, then you need to completely pump out the remaining liquid from the column, and then proceed to remove the dirt from the bottom. It is necessary to inspect the bottom filter and, if necessary, replace it.
3. At the next stage, all cracks and crevices between the concrete rings are sealed using liquid glass, cement and sand. If the holes are large, then hydraulic seals are used to seal them. It should be noted that these compositions are relatively expensive.
4. After cleaning and minor repairs, the well is disinfected. It is treated with bleach (10% solution). The remains of the reagent are poured onto the bottom of the mine.
5. Leave the well for two days. Before using the source, it is recommended to pump water out of it 3-4 times.

After that, the liquid in the well will again become clean and transparent. Hydrologists recommend that before descending into the shaft of the structure, make sure that there are no toxic fumes or gases in the column. To do this, a bucket with a lit candle is lowered into the shaft on a rope. If the fire does not go out, then there is no danger of poisoning, you can safely get to work.

Drain pump cleaning

This method allows you to well clean the bottom filter from silt, which becomes clogged with dirt during the operation of the source.For the procedure, a pump of the required power is selected. It is immersed to the bottom, turned on. Silt rises from the bottom, and the water is gradually cleared.

Periodically, the apparatus is taken out of the mine to clean its filters. The procedure is carried out until the complete disappearance of deposits on the parts of the pump. If water is pumped out of the barrel, then the device is installed directly on the bottom. In this case, the worker must change his place from time to time, otherwise his feet may be sucked into the sand.

No water source can work normally without periodic cleaning. To obtain a clear, drinkable liquid, it is recommended to take preventive measures in time.

Disinfection

In order to disinfect, a solution of bleach is often used. It is necessary to take 20 substances per 1 liter of water. As soon as the disinfectant is added, it is necessary to close the shaft with a lid. In this state, it should be left for 6 hours. Then the water must be pumped out twice.

Advice! To check the quality of water, it must be submitted for analysis.

More interesting is the drainage cleaning of the well. Such cleaning is enough if silt has appeared in the well, or sand and clay are deposited at the bottom. To work, you will need to use a drainage pump. It is better to give preference to the submersible model. If you know the depth of the mine and the fullness of the well, you can choose an installation that has optimal characteristics.

The pump must have a certain power rating. It may also differ in certain requirements for water quality. It is better if the pump has more power and good flow.

An excellent solution would be to use a fecal pump. If debris of various sizes floats in the water, it can be removed manually.The drainage pump should be placed half a meter from the bottom of the shaft. The device must be well fixed

It is important that the jet that comes out of the outlet is directed downwards. With her pressure, she should raise the sediment well

Do-it-yourself cleaning of the well is carried out using ordinary tools. Even water can be selected with a bucket. For convenience, submersible pumps are used. Depending on the causes of water pollution, one of the cleaning methods should be chosen. It can be manual, drainage, disinfection. In the process of work, certain safety requirements must be observed.

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What does service mean

The concept of "maintenance of the well" includes constant monitoring and revision of the condition, periodic preventive maintenance and repair of facilities and equipment as necessary. Each type of facility has its own specific service, but there are also general activities.

The following maintenance works for any wells are distinguished:

1. Visual inspection. It is carried out on a regular basis, it is not necessary to issue an order for this. Responsible persons are obliged to monitor the presence and serviceability of the hatch, the integrity of the structural elements, the degree of contamination, the availability of access, i.e. for all parameters that do not require penetration into the mine. In addition, a scheduled inspection of the technical condition with penetration inside is carried out with a certain frequency, as well as an unscheduled inspection after the occurrence of unforeseen circumstances that could lead to malfunctions or destruction.
2. Well cleaning. Scheduled cleaning of the mine is carried out on average 2-4 times a year, depending on the purpose and operating conditions of the structure.The order for the controlling organization approves the schedule for such events, and the responsible persons are obliged to strictly comply with it. Unscheduled cleaning is provided based on the results of the inspection, in the presence of significant contamination that can disrupt the performance of the structure.
3. Repair and maintenance. Several categories of such work should be distinguished: prevention, current, minor and major repairs. Prevention includes lubrication of rubbing and rotating parts, anti-corrosion coating, disinfection, etc. The current repair provides for the revision and replacement of rapidly wearing parts, such as gaskets. Carried out with the established frequency (the order approves the schedule of current repairs). Minor unscheduled repairs are carried out based on the results of the inspection, as well as as needed. It can be carried out with a short stop of operation or during the functioning of the well. Finally, an order for the relevant service is required to carry out a major overhaul, and it is provided with a complete stoppage of operation.

Installation of bottom filters

To prevent clouding of the water, crushed stone is placed at the bottom of the well - this is the bottom filter. Silicon or other mineral has a strong structure, therefore it does not dissolve in water and does not create suspensions. A filter is especially useful if water from a well is supplied by a pump. Silt particles or sand can damage the equipment, and they also clog the water that enters the house.

Stones, pebbles or gravel for the installation of a bottom filter can often be found right on the summer cottage: they remain after the construction of foundations, paths and pools

The thickness of the mineral layer must be at least 10 cm.If the bottom has a movable or viscous structure, then it increases to 50 cm - in this case, even in the presence of quicksand, the water will remain transparent.

To prevent damage to the well structure from becoming an unpleasant surprise, about once every six months it is necessary to do a routine inspection and regularly check the quality of the water.

If you follow all preventive measures during the operation of the water source, then cleaning the well with your own hands can be carried out no more than 1 time per year. The frequency of cleaning depends on several factors. These factors are:

• the quality of the materials used to equip the mine;
• the quality of sealing the seams inside the mine;
• bottom drainage quality;
• the presence of a good shutter from melt water;
• equipment of adequate protection against the ingress of foreign objects and debris into the mine.

Even knowing how to clean the well with your own hands, you can turn to specialists, but you should keep in mind that these services are not cheap. Therefore, even before the installation of the structure, one should be aware that it will be necessary to acquire not only a source of water, but also a pump for cleaning wells and other equipment for independent cleaning work, otherwise you will have to pay for keeping your water source clean every year.

Water disinfection

To clean the well purely mechanically is very good. But this will not allow you to protect yourself from:

• bacteria;
• viruses;
• fungi;
• amoeba;
• parasitic organisms.

Meanwhile, all these types of living beings are formidable enemies of man. Bad smell is only a subjective problem, the health consequences will be much worse.Disinfectants should be used once every six months, before the seasonal use of the well and in the fall. Special cases where such a measure is urgently needed are:

• flooding of the mine by flood or sediment, sewage;
• seepage of untreated groundwater;
• clogging with any pesticides and industrial, household waste;
• entry of terrestrial animals and birds;
• collapse of a part of the material;
• the presence of garbage;
• bottom subsidence;
• detection of excessive concentration of microbes in the study of samples.

Powdered bleach can be used to make water drinkable.

In some cases, it is better to use potassium permanganate - such a tool works quickly and is not dangerous. Its disadvantage is its relatively low efficiency.

30 g of the reagent are mixed with 10 liters of warm water. After waiting from 30 minutes to an hour, you need to pump out the water several times. Then dry walls are washed with the same solution, and a grid with 3-5 g of potassium permanganate or silicon chips is placed on the bottom. Ready-made tablets based on chlorine compounds may only be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions!

To accurately calculate the amount of reagents consumed, you must first calculate the volume of the well, starting from the depth and diameter. It is best to apply solutions to the walls with a spray gun.

After all, it is impossible to predict how this or that reagent will behave when interacting with foreign substances. Having applied chlorine water, you need to thoroughly mix it for about 10 minutes with the help of long poles or by scooping it up with a bucket and a sharp spill back.

Much easier to do this using an outboard pump.After such chlorination, in any case, it is necessary to cover the well with a dense cloth or polyethylene. Be sure to keep the mine cool and out of the sun. Otherwise, the chlorine will evaporate too quickly and will not produce the desired result. The walls will need to be washed with clean water. Pumping out the well after chlorination is repeated until even the faintest smell of the chemical disappears.

Dosing cartridges should usually be put down for 30 days (unless otherwise prescribed by the manufacturer). The choice of a suitable type of cartridges is best agreed with the SES. When preparing a mixture based on tablets, plastic or enameled containers are used, containing from 10 liters.

Do-it-yourself cleaning of the well in the country

Cleaning a country well is a kind of general cleaning, which must be carried out regularly and thoroughly. The owners of such a structure must know how to properly clean the well. It is also worth knowing how to save money when doing such work with your own hands.

In order for the water to always be clean, the well must be regularly maintained. The well should be sanitized annually, as well as a general cleaning every 3-5 years. If the water quality has declined, we can talk about the need for unplanned cleaning. Otherwise, it will be unsuitable for both drinking and bathing. In addition, the beds should not be watered with untreated water. Purification of water from a well in the country is carried out in several ways, which should be considered in detail.

Why clean a well

Some summer residents believe that dust and dirt cannot get into the well, protected from the outside by the house, so it is not necessary to clean it.But practice shows that even if the water source is hermetically closed during operation for 3-4 years, raindrops, snowflakes, fallen leaves, dust particles, insects and other pollutants still penetrate into it. Together with them, dangerous bacteria and viruses that multiply rapidly enter the water.

If you do not clean the well, then the water will become almost unfit for drinking, it will have a bitter taste with an unpleasant odor. Sometimes pollution becomes visible to the eye - an iridescent film appears on the surface of the water mirror. Therefore, hydrologists recommend cleaning wells. This will preserve the high quality of the drinking liquid, save the owner of the site from infectious diseases.

Methods for cleaning wells using equipment

Currently, the following cleaning methods are used:

• cleaning with an ilososa;
• vacuum pumping;
• hydrodynamic cleaning;
• chemical washing;
• thermal washing.

Cleaning with an ilosos

From the point of view of convenience and efficiency, the best option is to use a sludge pump. This equipment is intended for carrying out sewage works. Its design includes a tank and a vacuum pump. One of the advantages of this method is the possibility of its operation in any season. Ilosos are widely used for various types of treatment and maintenance work, including the removal of silt from concrete and plastic sewer wells and networks, sewage treatment plant settling tanks, septic tanks, as well as for transporting liquid waste.

Cleaning with a suction machine

vacuum pumping

This method includes cleaning the well and pumping out wastewater using a powerful vacuum pump. The waste is then collected and disposed of. This type complies with environmental safety standards and is an effective way to maintain optimal sanitary conditions.

Pro tip:

To ensure the stable operation of the sewer system, prevent accidents, and maintain the required level of sanitation, it is required that sewer wells be pumped out regularly.

Sewer vacuum pumping machine: appearance and diagram

Hydrodynamic cleaning

The principle of operation of hydrodynamic cleaning is to flush waste from the inner walls of the sewer well with a strong pressure of water. Thus, any blockages, organic and inorganic, can be eliminated. After the flush is completed, the waste is collected and disposed of.

One or two machines can be used to carry out this cleaning, depending on the amount of deposits:

• the first is a sewer washing machine;
• the second is the ilosos.

Sewer jetting machine and sludge pump

The use of the latter is advisable for large volumes of sludge. To illustrate the need to use the ilosos, consider two examples:

• Example No. 1: a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm and a length of 100 m is heavily clogged. The volume of precipitation averages 200 cubic meters. m. To eliminate them, silosos is required.
• Example No. 2: a pipe with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 100 m contains 2 cubic meters. m of precipitation. Naturally, in this case, you can remove the blockage manually.

Pro tip:

Hydrodynamic cleaning is universal, but its effectiveness is achieved only in the case of regular cleaning work. This allows you to ensure the smooth operation of the system and prevent emergencies.

Scheme of hydrodynamic cleaning of sewer wells

Chemical flush

This method involves the use of potent chemicals. With their help, it is possible to soften and convert condensate deposits of various origins, including salt ones, into a dissolved state. The process is carried out using special equipment and a foamed chemical composition. The latter makes it possible to effectively treat surfaces with a negative plumb line and to concentrate the impact of reagents in a targeted manner. In addition, the foam also creates the effect of mechanical action.

Chemical cleaning of sewer wells is very effective and environmentally friendly, but due to its high cost it is rarely used.

Chemical Wash

Thermal flush

According to its principle of operation, this method resembles hydrodynamic cleaning. But its fundamental feature is the use of hot water pressure. The water temperature can range from 120 to 160 degrees. An indispensable condition for the effectiveness of this method is its regular implementation. It is noteworthy that, in combination with thermal and chemical washing, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the latter several times.

Time to clean the well

There are several reasons why a well should be cleaned.Before starting work, it is necessary to determine what caused the pollution, as well as ways to eliminate it. The causes of pollution can be determined by the smell of the type of water and the composition of impurities.

It is worth paying attention to such signs:

• Silting. The water becomes cloudy, and the taste becomes such that it is not possible to drink it. Sand and clay accumulate at the bottom of the structure. The water in the well can become noticeably less. However, this feature can be confused with seasonal water level fluctuations.
• An oily film appears on the surface of the water. This means that oil products are present in the well. They usually appear as a result of depressurization of the mine. Also, polluting products can enter the well through the aquifer. In addition, if you do not monitor the cleanliness during the operation of the well, the water can also become contaminated.
• Rusty water usually becomes due to iron impurities.
• Bacteria pollute water only with elementary stagnation of water. This happens if the well is rarely used. Also, bacterial contamination occurs after various debris enters the water.
• Sewer runoff can also cause water pollution. They are easily recognizable by their unpleasant smell.
• If the water turns green the cause may be algae, which usually appear in warm weather.
• Water can also turn black. This phenomenon occurs during the development of rot in the well. Such a process is the result of the destruction of the tree.

To avoid such problems, it is worth carrying out regular cleaning of the well. There are many methods worth considering in more detail.

To figure out how to clean the well in the country with your own hands, you should take into account certain precautions.

How to properly clean a well

All work on cleaning the well can be divided into successive steps: Step 1. Pump out all the water from the well using a pump. Step 2. Before proceeding directly to cleaning the well, you need to think about how the descent into the structure will be carried out in order to prepare the necessary devices . A ladder, support rods, a safety rope, a wooden platform attached to cables - all this will help to carry out a safe descent. In some cases, you can clean the well without going down into it. Step 3. Clean the bottom, and for this you should remove the silt manually or seek help from specialists who have devices for removing silt deposits.

Step 4. Using compounds or special solutions, treat the surface of the walls, cleaning them from contamination. The well-known, traditional, affordable composition for cleansing is a manganese solution. It is made in a rich, dark color. Some prefer to buy a ready-made solution. A good option for a country well is a disinfectant, chlorine-based stabilizing compound. Step 5. Install a filter. A layer of crushed stone is used as a bottom filter. It prevents water cloudiness. Not bad cope with this role and pebbles or other types of minerals. By the way, they can be found at any summer cottage: stones often remain after the construction of the foundation, the arrangement of paths. The bottom filter is laid with a layer of at least 10 cm, and if the bottom structure is mobile, viscous - all 50. This will provide you with clear, clean, harmless water for a long time.

By the way, the filter will help to avoid frequent equipment breakdowns when water is taken from the well using a pump.So, grains of sand, silt particles not only clog the water, but also clog the elements of the pump, putting it out of action.

Disinfection of the well in the country

Disinfection measures are inevitable if animal remains were found in the well or it has not been cleaned for a long time. The easiest, most affordable way is to use a chlorine solution.

To do this, it is necessary to carry out the following activities: - fill the well with water; - pour a sufficient amount of chlorine solution; - cover the structure with a dense, thick cloth, such as a tarpaulin, and leave it like that for a day; - after a day, pump out all the water; - rinse well all surfaces of the well; - to remove all traces of chlorine, its smell, the water should be changed several times.

Such disinfection will make the well usable and the water clean and safe.

Do-it-yourself cleaning of a well in a country house is a mandatory event during the repair and improvement of a suburban area.

Recommendations for preventive disinfection

During this work, you must listen to the following recommendations:

• it is necessary to strictly observe safety precautions, to work below you will need to use a helmet and wading boots;
• it is strictly forbidden to go down on your own, there must be one more person on the surface;
• it is recommended to insure with a rope, as viscous soil can suck;
• such work should be carried out in the spring during the calmness of groundwater;
• for high-quality disinfection, lime, a chlorinated solution or potassium permanganate is used.

After carrying out all the work, it is necessary to thoroughly flush the mine and select water several times.

Helpful1Useless

It's time to clean the well

It is necessary to clean the well if there is any deviation from the norm in terms of the presence of harmful impurities and the exorbitant content of chemical elements.

Poor quality water can be identified without analysis by color, smell and the presence of turbidity:

1. Turbidity is usually associated with silting. The accumulated clay and sand leads to the fact that a precipitate forms in the collected water after settling. In this case, the depth of the water column decreases regardless of the presence of floods. The appearance of a taste of water indicates that it is time to clean the well of dirt.
2. Oil stains on the surface of the water are evidence that oil products have got into it. This may be due to the proximity of the highway, leakage of automotive and technical fluids into the ground against the background of depressurization of the walls of the well. This can happen in the city or in the country.
3. Red color indicates an increased iron content. In this case, all metal parts are cleaned from corrosion, followed by their treatment with an anti-corrosion waterproof composition. The reason to think that this is the reason is the metallic taste.
4. The appearance of bacteria causes turbidity and an unpleasant putrefactive odor. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to regularly clean the well from objects of organic origin that have fallen into the water. It can be leaves, grass, household waste, garbage, dead birds and animals.
5. The stench that causes the urge to vomit is a reason to think that sewage has got into the water. In this case, cleaning the well with one's own hands becomes more difficult due to the fact that without gas protection equipment it becomes impossible to go down into it, as well as breathe inside.

In any of these cases, the question will be how to clean the well with your own hands? If there is extra money, then you can hire a specialized team, whose employees will perform all the necessary activities themselves.

Cleaning the well with your own hands: the main steps

If you decide to clean the well and want to do it yourself, then this process must be taken very seriously, strictly adhering to the instructions below.

Tool preparation

Before proceeding with cleaning activities, you need to prepare the appropriate tools and accessories, namely:

• ladder (rope or ordinary);
• safety devices (belt, slings);
• bucket;
• sapper shovel;
• a large sponge or brush for metal;
• drainage pump (if any);
• means of disinfection.

You should also take care of your own equipment. It is advisable to use waterproof clothing, high rubber boots and a construction helmet. At the same time, clothes and shoes should not hinder movement and cause any discomfort.

To clean the well you need to thoroughly prepare

Water pumping

Unfortunately, it will not work to clean the well without going down into it. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to pump out all the water from it. There are two ways of pumping: manual and using a pump. In the first case, you will have to lift all the water with a bucket, which is extremely difficult and tiring. Given this, it is advisable to purchase or borrow a drainage pump from friends, which will greatly simplify the task.

When using a drainage pump, it is necessary to remove large debris from the surface of the water so as not to clog the device’s hose, and also periodically clean the filter element.

The use of a drain pump greatly simplifies the pumping of water.

Cleaning walls and flushing drains

To clean the walls of the well, large sponges or a soft metal brush are used. However, the use of household cleaners is strongly discouraged.

In the process of cleaning the walls, attention should be paid to the integrity of the joints between the concrete rings. If necessary, they must be sealed with cement mortar or liquid glass.

An important prerequisite for the purity of well water is the condition of the bottom filter. It must be thoroughly rinsed or completely replaced.

Drainage for a well is usually made of shungite, crushed stone, gravel, pebbles or quartz sand. The layer thickness must be at least 10 cm.

Shungite bottom filter device

Well disinfection

To purify the water in the well from harmful bacteria and microorganisms, the walls and bottom are disinfected at the last stage. The most common remedy for this is a solution of bleach. After processing, the well is covered with a tight lid and tarpaulin, and left in this form for 48 hours.

After disinfection, the water from the well must be pumped out several times until the smell of bleach is completely gone. Usually two or three cycles are enough for this.

Popular methods of cleaning sewer wells.

If the well is completely flooded, and there is no access to the opposite end of the outlet pipe, then the first step is to pump out the liquid from the well. The ilosos will do an excellent job with this task. It is considered the most convenient cleaning of wells with the use of a sludge pump, since it was invented specifically for sewer-type work. The classic sludge pump consists of a tank and a powerful vacuum-type pump, with which you can not only pump out dirty liquid, but also clean the bottom of the well from silt. Ilosos is also used to prevent blockages in sewers, sumps, septic tanks. Experts advise ordering vacuum pumping regularly to prevent clogging of the well.

Hydrodynamic well cleaning - more expensive and most effective way to clean the sewer. With the help of a powerful pressure of water, you can clean the inner walls of the well, and special nozzles will eliminate blockages in the pipes between the wells. Allows you to easily eliminate blockages, even of inorganic origin.

Chemical flush - This method is effective for organic blockages. Chemical softeners and dissolve organic deposits. During the cleaning process, a foamed chemical composition is introduced into the well, which will cost the customer quite a lot. Professional cleaning of this type is quite safe.

Manual cleaning of sewer wells it is used in case of collapse of the walls of the well (bricks, fragments of asphalt or concrete), as well as in the presence of a large amount of household waste (for example, plastic and glass bottles). The specialist descends into the well and manually collects large debris.

During the construction of a country cottage, its owner has a choice of three types of sewerage. Regardless of the modification, all three options are based on the construction and arrangement of storage wells, which will have to be cleaned from time to time.

The rational choice of the location of the storage well in a private house is an integral part of the functionality of the structure. When designing sewage wells, cesspools, septic tanks, it is necessary to observe not only the regulatory rules governing the remoteness of sewage facilities from sources of drinking water, but also the requirements of common sense.

The septic tank should be located near the driveway, near the fence by the road; next to it, a maneuvering platform should be equipped, free from valuable varieties of shrubs and trees. Sewer wells are pumped out using automotive equipment, so it is necessary to foresee in advance the possibility of a three-axle sewage truck. Works on pumping out wells, depending on the urgency, are divided into planned and emergency.

In the first case, sewer wells are cleaned according to a certain schedule: once every six months or when the septic tank is filled with wastewater by ¾ of the volume. Periodic pumping at a given interval is the key to long-term operation of sewer wells and a drainage system in a private house.

To limit the throughput of pipes and the storage capacity of wells, not only the overflow of the system with sewage leads, but also deposits that accumulate on the elements of the drainage system for a long time.

In sewer pipes and household wells, blockages can form, caused by deposits from acid residues of magnesium, calcium, and iron. The longer the system is operated without preventive flushing, the thicker the salt deposits on the walls of the structure.

Another reason for the violation of the fluidity of wastewater is fatty deposits.Fats in solutions, suspensions enter the sewer system continuously: these substances are found in food waste, in water flowing down after bath procedures, from washing dishes. Fat suspensions, mixing with other compounds, settle on the walls of pipes, fittings, wells. At some point, a complete blockage of the system occurs, provoking an emergency.

An important point that allows minimizing the possible deposition of fat emulsions is the technically competent design of water pipes in a private house: observing a slope of 1% when laying the sewer system ensures its long-term trouble-free operation.

Conclusion

For carrying out any work in deep mines, there is a special safety instruction, which provides for the availability of personal protective equipment and safety elements, as well as certain rules for the use and composition of the building material used in the implementation of repair work.

In order to pass without excesses, be sure to watch the video in this article.

For houses in the private sector or those located in rural areas, timely and competent do-it-yourself repair of the well remains relevant. The well in this case is often the only available source of water supply in the absence of a centralized system. Therefore, maintaining it in working condition, ensuring the supply of clean water is a prerequisite for comfort.

Quite often, in a well that has recently been regularly supplying clean water, the liquid acquires an unpleasant taste and smell, it has a color that indicates the presence of impurities. Such water should not be used for drinking or culinary purposes.In addition, the increased amount of impurities can ruin plumbing, household appliances, and quickly render filter cartridges unusable. Do you need to repair wells in the country with your own hands - in each case, you can decide after careful design inspection
, but cleaning and eliminating the causes of pollution is always required. There can be several reasons for the appearance of dirt.

• Natural silt deposits on the walls and bottom of the channel, which are a mixture of unicellular algae, microparticles of organic matter, bacteria, etc. that have entered the water. Like any organic matter, such a mixture begins to decompose, giving the water an unpleasant odor and taste.
• Large pollution that accidentally fell into the well - leaves carried by the wind through the upper part that was not closed with a lid, a small animal that fell and drowned, etc.
• Soil particles and organic matter from the soil that enter through the walls in case of violation of their tightness.

If in the first two cases you can limit yourself to cleaning and sanitizing the structure, in the latter you will have to think about how to repair the well.