Autonomous heating in an ordinary apartment: how to stop depending on heating systems

Air thermal heating

The creation of autonomous apartment heating systems using air source heat pumps begins with the selection of the required equipment.

There are three options for arranging air electric heating:

1. Channel conditioners. In this case, the heated air is diluted from a single central unit using air ducts.
2. Multisplit systems. One block is located outside the house, it is connected by highways with several indoor blocks.
3. Devices independent of each other are mounted in each room.

Thus, an air-to-air heat pump is adapted to heating operation inverter air conditioner. Usually the difference is that the outdoor unit has a heating cable that prevents ice from building up on the radiator.

On which option to stop, each property owner decides for himself, but it must be borne in mind that when performing the wiring of air ducts, after the completion of the fine finishing of the premises, a second repair will be required.

Pros and cons

Advantages

Let's take a closer look at the second option and determine its positive and negative sides. To begin with, let's figure out what an autonomous heating point is. This is a separate room where boiler equipment is located, the power of which is enough to provide heat and hot water to the entire apartment building. This is a kind of mini-boiler room with a full range of necessary appliances, fixtures and systems. Modern technologies for providing heat to residential buildings began to be used in autonomous systems. The latter worked for one or more houses, which was doubly beneficial. Why?

• Firstly, the distance from the heat generator to the heating devices in each apartment has been significantly reduced. This means that heat losses have decreased due to the transportation of the coolant.
• Secondly, the time of heat supply to the consumer was reduced, which is again associated with a decrease in distance.
• Thirdly, the costs of maintenance of heating networks, their repair and installation have changed downwards.
• Fourth, the economic performance stemming from previous benefits has declined. This means that the cost of the supplied coolant has changed to a minimum.

Autonomous System Diagram

There is another advantage of the system. When a house is being built, the developer is required to obtain a large number of permits that will allow him to crash into the central highway.
Bureaucratic delays sometimes take more than one month.Yes, and the installation of a meter will cause a lot of disputes between developers and the host, that is, the operating company. So for builders, the option with, even for the largest house, is ideal.

And the last advantage - the boiler house for the microdistrict occupies a place where not only buildings and water tanks will be erected, but also an electrical substation, access roads, warehouses, office buildings, office buildings and so on. That is, under it will have to allocate a fairly impressive area. And if there is no need for a boiler room, the district administration can use this area for its own needs. For example, to build another residential building, a school, a clinic, and so on.

Flaws

gas boilers

Cons exist in any system, but they are usually less:

• An autonomous boiler room should be located in a separate building, so it is necessary to allocate a site near the house for it. Sometimes such a building looks like an extension.
• Mini-boilers pollute the environment to a certain extent. Therefore, modern cleaning devices are indispensable here. And being inside microdistricts obliges to create conditions for environmentally friendly performance indicators. They exist and are stipulated by the norms and rules of SNiP. Hence the increase in the cost of the equipment itself.
• An autonomous heating system is not yet as popular as a centralized one, so the production of equipment and related components has not yet been put on stream. Hence the high cost of such systems. So, not all developers can afford them.

Heating regulator

However, experts say that engineering developments today can eliminate some of the shortcomings.For example, if an autonomous boiler room is used to heat only one apartment building, its equipment can be placed in the attic - the dimensions of the devices allow this. In addition, the attic immediately becomes heated, which is undoubtedly a plus. In addition, the area in the territory between the houses is freed up. The only requirement for such options is the presence of a flat roof, which is not a problem. If you plan to install just such a heating system, then you can add a flat roof to the project. Experts have already carried out preliminary calculations, which showed that even if the cost of equipment and installation costs are high, all this will pay off in a few seasons.

Individual heating in an apartment building

• Advantages of individual heating in an apartment building
• Heat supply of an apartment building
• Wall heating boilers
• Individual autonomous gas heating
• Individual autonomous electric heating
• Basic requirements for the placement of a wall-mounted heater

Many homeowners have long faced the acute issue of individual heating. Recently, this has begun to concern not only those who live in private mansions, but also the owners of apartments located in multi-storey buildings. Such a difficult situation has developed under the influence of several factors: the ever-increasing cost of fuel, significant heat losses and constant violations of the heat supply schedule.

Scheme of the autonomous heating system.

In this regard, the following questions arise: is it possible to establish individual heating in an apartment building at home? How profitable is such autonomous heating? And where to start work related to individual heating in a multi-storey building? It turns out that the transition from centralized heating to own heating is very beneficial for the apartment owner, and the cost of installing the system pays off relatively quickly.

Features of the arrangement of individual heating in the apartment

If the decision is made to individual heating in the apartment do-it-yourself gas, first of all you need to purchase materials. In this case, homeowners intend to disconnect from the central heating supply with its high probability of water hammer and unpredictable parameters.

The landlord must submit an application to the local authorities, it will be considered by the permanent commission that issues permits for autonomous heating in the apartment. Having received it, the owner has the right to develop project documentation.

Since the temperature and pressure in the water heating system, which will be connected to the gas boiler, will be controlled by consumers, and therefore will not exceed 80 degrees and 2 kgf / sq. cm, there will be no special requirements for heat resistance and mechanical strength of pipes and heating equipment.

Before you make autonomous heating in the apartment, they are chosen according to other criteria:

When buying radiators, pay attention to how attractive they look. Also, batteries with compact parameters should have maximum heat transfer.
When purchasing pipes, take into account their corrosion resistance, ease of installation and appearance.

Equally important is the cost of the equipment.

Equally important is the cost of the equipment. A wide range of necessary materials and heating devices is presented on the modern market:

A wide range of necessary materials and heating devices is presented on the modern market:

When buying polypropylene pipes, you need to take into account that this material has a high coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, for wiring the heating system and hot water supply, you should choose products reinforced with fiber or aluminum foil, due to which they elongate quite a bit when heated.

To install autonomous heating in an apartment from additional equipment, you will need:

• thermostatic heads, 1 piece per radiator - after calibration, they will help maintain a comfortable temperature regime in all rooms, and the boiler automation will be responsible for maintaining a constant temperature at the coolant;
• valves for the second line of supply to each battery - with their help, you can completely turn off the heater for repair or for another purpose;
• Mayevsky cranes by the number of radiators.

Before how to make an autonomous apartment forced circulation heating water, in addition to the above equipment, you need to purchase:

• circulation pump;
• a safety group consisting of a pressure gauge, a safety valve, an expansion tank and an automatic air vent.

You may not have to look for them in stores, since modern gas units are usually equipped with all the necessary components.

To find out how many sections should be in heating batteries, use a simplified calculation.According to him, for every two square meters you need to install one section of a standard size. Two more spare units are added to the resulting number in case of extreme cold weather.

The layout of the heating structure in the apartment

When a heating boiler is installed in an apartment and an autonomous system is arranged, the circuit is laid along the perimeter of the room, making a passage through the internal walls and partitions. Radiators are cut into it in parallel. Breaking the contour is not allowed.

Each battery is embedded according to the scheme, which can be diagonal or from bottom to top. In any case, the thermal head is installed on the return pipe of the wiring, and the supply is completed with a valve. The Mayevsky crane is mounted in the upper radiator cap. All heating batteries and connections are located strictly according to the level.

For the installation of pipes, clips-clamps are used, allowing them to move in the event of thermal expansion. If, during the arrangement of the bottling, the horizon is maintained for aesthetic reasons, then if the radiators are not installed correctly, the apartment owners will face the formation of air bubbles and, as a result, hydraulic noise.

Preparation of documents for the arrangement of autonomous heating

The first 50% of success in arranging autonomous heating in an apartment is paperwork and going through a lot of bureaucratic red tape. To make it easier for you, we have compiled an approximate step-by-step instruction on how to prepare the necessary papers and coordinate all the work.

Arrangement of autonomous heating in the apartment

Step 1.Collect a package of documents that you will need to obtain permission to disconnect from district heating and arrange autonomous heating:

• technical passport for the apartment:
• documents confirming the ownership of housing or their notarized copies;
• consent to the redevelopment of all who live in the apartment;
• application for disconnection from central heating;
• application for redevelopment of the apartment.

Apartment Passport

A sample of the title page of a technical passport for an apartment and what is described below

Step 2. Find out who owns the heating system. If it is a common house, then to disconnect from it and to connect autonomous heating, you will need to obtain the written consent of all the residents of the house.

Step 3. With an application for disconnection from central heating and other documents, contact the management company (or HOA).

HOA

Step 4. Within ten days, you must obtain permission to disconnect from the general heating network and technical specifications (abbreviated as TU) for a heating boiler and an autonomous heating system.

Step 5. With technical specifications and other documents, contact a specialized organization that will draw up autonomous heating system project. They must also determine whether you have the technical ability to equip such a system and whether it will harm the rest of the residents, the building itself and its utilities.

Autonomous heating plan in a three-room apartment with parallel piping under the floor. You may notice that the exact number of sections of each radiator inside the housing is indicated.

Step 6. Send an application for redevelopment along with the project, technical calculations and other documents to local governments. Within 45 days, they must issue you a permit for the arrangement of autonomous heating.

Step 7. If the installation of a gas boiler is implied, coordinate this event with the gas service in your city.

Step 8. If necessary, confirm with the fire department that your redevelopment project complies with all regulations.

Some bureaucratic aspects of paperwork and permits for autonomous heating in an apartment may differ in different regions. Check these points in advance with the local administration.

In addition to the fact that installing autonomous heating is not at all cheap, you need to obtain a special permit. Here there are great difficulties

Autonomous heating - how is it in general?

Firstly, it can be heating, which does not depend on the central energy system of the house. Those. in the event that the boiler room is located in your apartment, and does not work for the entire block or a single house (roof boiler room). For example, autonomous heating of an apartment is its own wall-mounted boiler. In this case, the gas must enter the apartment. Such a system is very common in recent years among the builders of townhouses. Low-rise building with apartment buildings. In this case, such residents also have independent heating from the main gas. And it copes with its tasks very effectively, allowing its owners to maintain the comfortable temperature that they need and at the same time be able to save on resources.

Secondly, under the expression autonomous heating in a private house, we mean its truly autonomous operation. Those. without the participation of us. Here, of course, it is worth clarifying a little how much exactly we want it (the system) to be autonomous for a long time. A day, three, a week. And we do not take into account the presence or absence of a connection to networks.

Thirdly, under autonomous heating, many people mean a system that can run on fuel other than mains gas. Because in most cases there is gas but it is not. For several reasons. Perhaps the partnership on which the house is built has a price for natural gas connection are such that it is easier to heat the house with electricity. It is possible that the site is located in such a place that it is a whole large-scale operation to carry gas to it and it is not worth it. In this case, it is necessary to design a system that will be cheaper and more efficient.

Scenario for the second case

Thanks to the warm climate, heating can be economical. As for safety and convenience, the leadership here belongs to electric heating in the apartment - autonomous heating in this case will turn out to be expensive, since the cost of electricity is very high.

The reason is not only the high cost of electricity, but the fact that direct heating is an inefficient use of it. The solution to the problem was found long ago - these are heat pumps. These devices consume power not for heating the air, but for pumping thermal energy from a source with low potential. As a result, costs are reduced by 3-5 times compared to direct heating.

But in an apartment it will not be possible to organize the use of thermal energy from a non-freezing reservoir or geothermal heat.But you can get heat from the surrounding air space. Air-to-air pumps are able to ensure the efficient operation of the heating system.

Where to begin

We start with the legal framework. It is necessary to know clearly what the law says on disconnection from the central heating system and installation of an individual one. Often the local administration, referring to Art. 190 FZ, refuses tenants. In court, such a refusal will be considered unreasonable. In Russian legislation, in addition to the Federal Law N 190 "On Heat Supply", there is Government Decree N 307 of 04/16/2012, which considers the procedure for connecting heat supply systems. It indicates a list of individual sources of thermal energy that do not meet certain requirements and are prohibited for this reason for installation in apartment buildings.

recognized as illegal.

Required documents

Thus, in order to refuse the central heating service and switch to individual, it is necessary to collect a package of documents in accordance with Art. 26 LC RF on conducting residential renovation.

The package of documents includes:

• reorganization statement;
• technical passport of the premises;
• title documents for housing (originals or copies certified by a notary);
• residential renovation project
• written consent of all family members;
• the conclusion of the bodies for the protection of architectural monuments on the possibility of reorganizing the premises.

Documentation for gas heating

The management company, after considering the application, provides a letter of permission to disconnect your apartment from central heating. This letter is required to order specifications (TU) for the installation of individual heating. If you plan to connect gas (install a gas boiler), you must address the appeal to the gas service.

Specifications are issued within ten days. In case of refusal due to the lack of “technical capability”, keep in mind that such a response is acceptable only in regions where there is no gas and it is not possible to purchase it in cylinders.

After purchasing a certified boiler, you should contact the design organization. She will prepare a project for the installation of the boiler, taking into account the technical conditions and possibilities.

Then a project is being made to disconnect from central heating in a heat supply organization. The basis for this will be a letter from the HOA with permission to disconnect

It is important that you receive a written response. In case of disagreement, it will be possible to apply to the court

Having received the project documentation, we go with it to the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society (VDPO). There you will be issued a fire safety certificate for the project. If necessary, a project is made for the chimney.

Then all the documentation is approved by the administration. The conclusion on approval (or refusal) is accepted within 45 calendar days. Refusal to reorganize the premises occurs on the basis of Art. 27 LC RF (case of non-submission of all documents). The refusal can also be challenged in court.

This is the basic outline of how to prepare a project and legalize transition to standalone heating. The list of all documents may differ in different regions.More accurate information will be given directly to the administration of your district.

Heating radiators and their calculation

Many people know in general terms how heating is arranged in an apartment building. It is very common to see cast-iron batteries connected to a centralized system in apartments. For autonomous heating In the apartment, such radiators are not suitable. They have too much capacity, so you have to heat a lot of water. And besides, cast iron also warms up for a long time. Therefore, when using cast-iron batteries, there will be an excessive consumption of gas, and as a result, large financial costs.

When repairing heating in an apartment, you should pay attention to radiators made of other materials. Experts recommend installing modern batteries made of steel, aluminum or bimetal (read: "How to install heating radiators in an apartment - a quick guide")

All of them are suitable for low pressure in the heating system (this is typical for small water circuits) and also withstand high temperatures. If necessary, you can even combine radiators and a “warm floor” system in one scheme. As for how to improve the heating in the apartment, it is recommended to install aluminum radiators. But they are quite difficult to operate (read: “Heating in an apartment: schemes and features of the project“). With an increased content of alkalis in the water, it is necessary to add neutralizers to the system. It is also unacceptable to get copper into the circuit, since the interaction of this metal with aluminum leads to their oxidation, and, accordingly, to destruction. In addition, aluminum radiators are not affordable for everyone.

Before buying radiators, you need to calculate the required power and number of sections

If the question arises of how to make heat in the apartment, then this stage should be given special attention.

For calculation of the number of sections in the radiator, you can use the formula Sx100 / P, if the ceiling height is no more than 3 meters. The area of ​​the room is indicated by the letter S, and the nominal power of one section - P. Usually the power of the section is 180-200 watts. The number 100 is the right amount watts per square meter. The result is denoted, for example, by the letter K.

If the do-it-yourself apartment heating system involves the use of panel radiators that are not divided into sections, then they use a different formula for calculations. In this case, you will have to calculate the power and size of the batteries. The formula looks like this: P \u003d Vx41. The initial power is indicated by the letter P, the volume of the room is V. The number 41 is the number of watts required to heat one "square" of area.

For an example of calculations, you can take a room with a height of 2.7 meters and an area of ​​15 "squares". So V=2.7x15=40.5. Now it is worth calculating the power of the radiator. The resulting formula is as follows: P=Vx41=40.5x41=1660.5. Since there are no heating devices of such power, it is worth choosing a radiator with indicators of 1.5 kW.

After completing the calculations, you can buy radiators. The distribution of heating in the apartment should occur according to a well-designed scheme.

How to make heating on your own, a detailed video: