Do-it-yourself alternative heating of a private house

solar systems

A solar system is a device designed to convert solar radiation energy into other forms of energy. For example, for heating and cooling water and air.To heat the coolant, a circulation pump is used, which directs heat to radiators or convectors.

Solar options

• Solar collector. As a rule, the solar collector works simultaneously with the electric heater. The coolant is controlled by temperature sensors. When the weather is not sunny and the temperature drops below the level, then additional heating is switched on by electric heating elements.

• The solar battery is equipped not only with a temperature sensor and an inverter that generates a voltage of 12 or 24 volts DC, but also with a large capacity battery. During the day, solar panels store energy in batteries, which serve as a power source at night or in cloudy weather. If the capacity of the batteries and the area of ​​the photocells correspond to the area of ​​the house, then a completely energy-independent system can be realized. But there is one minus, the best samples of batteries will last no more than 5 years, and their replacement is comparable to the cost of electricity.
• Another option that saves money is solar battery with controller and inventory. It connects in parallel to any outlet. You will also need a mechanical, disk counter. Electronic will not work, it does not register the reverse direction of the current. If in the daytime the photocells generate more electricity than is required for heating the room, then the meter unwinds kilowatt-hours. Thus, significant savings are obtained.

What can be considered alternative heating

It so happened that there is no single approach to the definition and classification.Manufacturers of heating devices, equipment sellers, the media are all ready to exploit this concept in their own way. Quite often, alternative types of home heating are called everything that does not work on gas. This may include a pellet "biofuel" installation, infrared heated floors or an ionic electric boiler. Sometimes the emphasis is on an unusual implementation, for example, “warm plinth” or “warm walls”, in a word, everything is relatively new, which has been actively used since the end of the last century.

So what is really an alternative for a private house? Let's focus on options where three basic principles are observed.

First, we consider only renewable energy sources.

Secondly, the performance of the equipment should be sufficient to at least partially supplement the heating (as the most energy-intensive system), and not just ensure the operation of a few light bulbs.

Thirdly, the cost / profitability of the power plant should be at such a level that it would be advisable to use it for domestic needs.

The use of solar energy in a private house

Solar radiation as an alternative renewable energy is the most promising substitute for traditional energy sources.

In Russia, in private country houses, alternative energy from the Sun can be used to generate electricity (solar batteries) and to generate heat, where solar collectors are used (the coolant is heated).

Ready-made installations that convert light into electricity, solar panels, can be purchased ready-made for a private house, but their cost is high.

For the manufacture of solar batteries, it is necessary to perform the following work:

• buy solar cells (mono- or polycrystalline);
• solder them together according to the scheme;
• make a frame and a box (usually plexiglass is used);
• reinforce the body of the product with a metal corner or plywood;
• place the soldered photocells in the prepared frame;
• mount such an installation in a regular place.

Installation of batteries is carried out on the most illuminated place on the roof, and you should consider how to adjust their slope.

Solar energy when used in a private home has many advantages over traditional energy sources:

• inexhaustibility;
• a large number of;
• availability anywhere in the world;
• environmental friendliness;
• no noise;
• low operating costs;
• improvement of their production technologies.

There are also disadvantages of solar energy:

• significant investment at the initial stage;
• instability of energy supply (depending on the time of day);
• high price of batteries;
• the use of rare earth and expensive ingredients in thin-film solar panels, which leads to their rise in price.

In Russia, alternative renewable sources are also used to generate heat, the most famous heat pump is a solar collector. With its help, as an independent unit, you can heat a private house or use a collector in combination with other heat sources.

The solar collector is a complex engineering device that you cannot do yourself.

Boiler, pump, heater or collector: pros and cons

In order to at least roughly outline a suitable option for yourself, you should read a brief information about each of them.

Boilers for various types of fuel

The most optimal option is boilers operating on liquid fuel. They do not require any additional maintenance costs, which makes them stand out against the background of solid fuels. Throughout the heating season, they operate fully automatically.

Oil boiler

Installation of such boilers is carried out in a room with an air temperature of at least + 5 ° C, the presence of exhaust ventilation is also important. Depending on the model chosen, such boilers can run on kerosene, diesel fuel, waste oil

Tank capacity, as a rule, is from 100 to 2000 liters.

Also on sale there are universal boilers that can operate on different types of fuel. Pellet boilers work by burning compressed wood waste. Biofuel devices are very popular, which are various wastes: manure, weeds, food waste. In the process of decay, all this emits a gas that burns perfectly and is able to give off thermal energy in large quantities. This option is ideal for small areas.

Infrared heaters

Infrared heaters are durable, efficient and easy to install. Plus, affordable prices and a wide selection of models.

Infrared heater

Video description

An experiment to test the effectiveness of infrared heaters is presented in this video:

Heat pumps

Heat pumps are similar in principle to standard air conditioners. This is equipment that receives heat from natural sources (water, air, earth) and accumulates it, transferring it to the heating system of the home.Such systems are characterized by high performance and can be used all year round. Among the shortcomings are a short service life (15-20 years), complex installation and high cost.

Heat pump

Solar collectors

Solar collectors can reduce gas costs several times during the heating season, on days with high solar activity. They are able to absorb up to 90% of heat. The advantage is affordable cost, ease of operation. At the same time, most models lose their effectiveness in windy weather and are damaged by frost.

solar collector

The use of alternative heating is a profitable investment for the future. Given the current rates and their constant increase, this is a great way to save money. Due to the fact that the described methods are not yet at the peak of popularity, the price of equipment is quite high, but these investments will pay off in a year or two. As for the specific choice, it should be made based on specific conditions - location, amount of heat required, permanent or temporary residence, etc., and also, if possible, with the support of specialists.

Waste to income: biogas plants

All alternative energy sources are of natural origin, but you can only get a double benefit from biogas plants. They recycle animal and poultry waste. As a result, a certain volume of gas is obtained, which, after purification and drying, can be used for its intended purpose. The remaining processed waste can be sold or used in the fields to increase yields - a very effective and safe fertilizer is obtained.

Energy can also be obtained from manure, but not in pure form, but in the form of gas

Briefly about the technology

The formation of gas occurs during fermentation, and bacteria living in manure are involved in this. Any livestock and poultry waste is suitable for biogas production, but cattle manure is optimal. It is even added to the rest of the waste for the "sourdough" - it contains exactly the bacteria needed for processing.

To create optimal conditions, an anaerobic environment is necessary - fermentation must take place without oxygen. Therefore, effective bioreactors are closed containers. In order for the process to proceed more actively, regular mixing of the mass is necessary. In industrial plants, electric mixers are installed for this, in self-made biogas plants, these are usually mechanical devices - from the simplest stick to mechanical mixers that "work" by hand.

Schematic diagram of biogas plants

There are two types of bacteria involved in the formation of gas from manure: mesophilic and thermophilic. Mesophilic are active at temperatures from +30°C to +40°C, thermophilic - at +42°C to +53°C. Thermophilic bacteria work more efficiently. Under ideal conditions, gas production from 1 liter of usable area can reach 4-4.5 liters of gas. But maintaining a temperature of 50 ° C in the installation is very difficult and costly, although the costs justify themselves.

A little about designs

The simplest biogas plant is a barrel with a lid and a stirrer. The lid has an outlet for connecting a hose through which gas enters the tank. You won’t get much gas from such a volume, but it will be enough for one or two gas burners.

More serious volumes can be obtained from an underground or above-ground bunker. If we are talking about an underground bunker, then it is made of reinforced concrete. The walls are separated from the ground with a layer of thermal insulation, the container itself can be divided into several compartments, in which processing will take place with a shift in time. Since mesophilic cultures usually work under such conditions, the whole process takes from 12 to 30 days (thermophilic cultures are processed in 3 days), therefore a time shift is desirable.

Scheme of a bunker biogas plant

Manure enters through the loading hopper, on the opposite side they make an unloading hatch, from where processed raw materials are taken. The bunker is not completely filled with biomixture - about 15-20% of the space remains free - gas accumulates here. To drain it, a tube is built into the lid, the second end of which is lowered into a water seal - a container partially filled with water. In this way, the gas is dried - already purified is collected in the upper part, it is discharged using another tube and can already be choked to the consumer.

Anyone can use alternative energy sources. It is more difficult for apartment owners to implement this, but in a private house you can at least implement all the ideas. There are even real examples of that. People fully provide for their own needs and considerable economy.

Solar energy into electricity

Solar panels were first made for spacecraft. The device is based on the ability of photons to create an electric current. There are a lot of variations in the design of solar panels and every year they are improved. There are two ways to make a solar battery yourself:

Method number 1.Buy ready-made photocells, assemble a chain from them and cover the structure with a transparent material

You need to work with extreme caution, all elements are very fragile. Each photocell is marked in Volt-Amps

Calculating the required number of cells to collect the battery of the required power will not be very difficult. The sequence of work is as follows:

• for the manufacture of the case you need a sheet of plywood. Wooden slats are nailed along the perimeter;
• ventilation holes are drilled in the plywood sheet;
• a fiberboard sheet with a soldered chain of photocells is placed inside;
• performance is checked;
• plexiglass is screwed onto the rails.

Solar panels

Method number 2 requires knowledge of electrical engineering. The electrical circuit is assembled from D223B diodes. Solder them in rows sequentially. Placed in a case covered with a transparent material.

Photocells are of two types:

1. Monocrystalline plates have an efficiency of 13% and will last a quarter of a century. They work flawlessly only in sunny weather.
2. Polycrystalline ones have a lower efficiency, their service life is only 10 years, but the power does not drop when it is cloudy. Panel area 10 sq. m. is capable of producing 1 kW of energy. When placed on the roof, it is worth considering the total weight of the structure.

Solar battery diagram

Ready batteries are placed on the sunniest side. The panel must be equipped with the ability to adjust the inclination of the angle with respect to the Sun. The vertical position is set during snowfalls so that the battery does not fail.

The solar panel can be used with or without a battery. During the day, consume the energy of the solar battery, and at night - the battery. Or use solar energy during the day, and at night - from the central power supply network.

We save on heating a private house

Regardless of which heat supply scheme is made in an individual household, it is designed to function as efficiently and economically as possible. To do this, it is not enough to choose only highly reliable boiler equipment, perform thermal protection of the structural elements of the building and replace windows with new double-glazed windows. All homeowners, except for the above, must know and follow the rules for maintaining heating systems.

Tips from experienced professionals on the economical management of the heating process of a residential building:

1. Perform equipment maintenance and thermal monitoring. Any boiler unit needs maintenance and adjustment, and solid fuel in particular, since it deals with an increased amount of soot formation and high furnace temperatures. Dirty heating surfaces of the boiler will not be able to provide the device with a nominal efficiency, since soot does not remove heat well and most of the high-temperature flue gases will be released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing efficiency due to large losses with exhaust gases. Prevention of the boiler, together with cleaning of heating surfaces and chimneys, must be carried out before each heating season.
2. The scheme of the intra-house heating circuit should be equipped with automation with the ability to set an individual heating mode for each room. This will make it possible to save a lot on the cost of heating in general.
3. It is necessary to monitor the operation of the internal heating system and to dump air plugs in time.During any shutdown of the boiler, the heating systems will be aired, due to the stop of the circulation pump in forced circulation circuits or due to a drop in the coolant temperature in natural circulation circuits. Air pockets in the batteries and the "warm floor" system reduce the heat transfer of the entire system, while the specific fuel consumption will remain very high. Finding such an airlock is quite simple.
4. In the case when, when starting the heating, there is a difference in the temperatures of the lower and upper parts of the battery, this indicates that there is an area of ​​airing that must be removed.

Modern heating technologies

Heating options for a private house:

• Traditional heating system. The heat source is a boiler. Thermal energy is distributed by the heat carrier (water, air). It can be improved by increasing the heat transfer of the boiler.
• Energy-saving equipment that is used in new heating technologies. Electricity (solar system, various types of electric heating and solar collectors) acts as an energy carrier for heating housing.

New technologies in heating should help in solving the following issues:

• Cost reduction;
• Respect for natural resources.

Warm floor

Infrared floor (IR) is a modern heating technology. The main material is an unusual film. Positive qualities - flexibility, increased strength, moisture resistance, fire resistance. Can be laid under any floor material. The radiation of the infrared floor has a good effect on well-being, identical to the effect of sunlight on the human body.Cash costs for laying an infrared floor are 30-40% less than the cost of installing floors with electric heating elements. Energy savings when using a film floor of 15-20%. The control panel regulates the temperature in each room. No noise, no smell, no dust.

With the water method of supplying heat, a metal-plastic pipe lies in the floor screed. The heating temperature is limited to 40 degrees.

Water solar collectors

Innovative heating technology is used in places with high solar activity. Water solar collectors are located in places open to the sun. Usually this is the roof of the building. From the sun's rays, the water is heated and sent inside the house.

The negative point is the inability to use the collector at night. It makes no sense to apply in areas of the northern direction. The big advantage of using this principle of heat generation will be the general availability of solar energy. Does not harm nature. Does not take up usable space in the yard of the house.

solar systems

Heat pumps are used. With a total electricity consumption of 3-5 kW, pumps pump 5-10 times more energy from natural sources. The source is natural resources. The resulting thermal energy is supplied to the coolant with the help of heat pumps.

infrared heating

Infrared heaters have found application in the form of primary and secondary heating in any room. With low power consumption, we get a large heat transfer. The air in the room does not dry out.

The installation is easy to mount, no additional permits are needed for this type of heating.The secret of savings is that heat accumulates in objects and walls. Apply ceiling and wall systems. They have a long service life, more than 20 years.

Skirting heating technology

The scheme of operation of the skirting technology for heating a room resembles the operation of IR heaters. The wall is heating up. Then she starts to give off heat. Infrared heat is well tolerated by humans. The walls will not be susceptible to fungus and mold, as they will always be dry.

Easy to install. The heat supply in each room is regulated. In summer, the system can be used to cool the walls. The principle of operation is the same as for heating.

Air heating system

The heating system is built on the principle of thermoregulation. Hot or cold air is supplied directly to the room. The main element is an oven with a gas burner. The combusted gas gives off heat to the heat exchanger. From there, the heated air enters the room. Does not require water pipes, radiators. Solves three issues - space heating, ventilation.

The advantage is that the heating can be started gradually. In this case, the existing heating will not be affected.

Heat accumulators

The coolant is heated at night in order to save money on electricity costs. A thermally insulated tank, a large capacity is a battery. At night it heats up, during the day there is a return of thermal energy for heating.

Use of computer modules and the heat generated by them

To start the heating system, you need to connect the Internet and electricity. Principle of operation: the heat that the processor releases during operation is used.

They use compact and inexpensive ASIC chips. Several hundred chips are assembled into one device.At cost, this installation comes out like a regular computer.

Energy sources for the home: photo

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Heat pumps

The most versatile alternative heating for a private house is the installation of heat pumps. They work according to the well-known principle of a refrigerator, taking heat from a colder body and giving it away in the heating system.

It consists of a seemingly complex scheme of three devices: an evaporator, a heat exchanger and a compressor. There are a lot of options for the implementation of heat pumps, but the most popular are:

• Air to air
• Air to water
• water-water
• ground water

Air to air

The cheapest implementation option is air-to-air. In fact, it resembles a classic split system, however, electricity is spent only on pumping heat from the street into the house, and not on heating the air masses. This helps to save money, while perfectly heating the house throughout the year.

The efficiency of the systems is very high. For 1 kW of electricity, you can get up to 6-7 kW of heat. Modern inverters work great even at temperatures of -25 degrees and below.

Air to water

"Air-to-water" is one of the most common implementations of a heat pump, in which a large-area coil installed in an open area plays the role of a heat exchanger. Additionally, it can be blown by a fan, forcing the water inside to cool.

Such installations are characterized by more democratic cost and simple installation. But they are able to work with high efficiency only at temperatures from +7 to +15 degrees. When the bar drops to a negative mark, efficiency drops.

ground water

The most versatile implementation of a heat pump is ground-to-water. It does not depend on the climatic zone, since a layer of soil that does not freeze throughout the year is everywhere.

In this scheme, the pipes are immersed in the ground to a depth where the temperature is kept at the level of 7-10 degrees throughout the year. Collectors can be located vertically and horizontally. In the first case, several very deep wells will have to be drilled, in the second case, a coil will be laid at a certain depth.

The disadvantage is obvious: complex installation work that will require high financial investments. Before deciding on such a step, you should calculate the economic benefits. In areas with short warm winters, it is worth considering other options for alternative heating of private houses. Another limitation is the need for a large free area - up to several tens of square meters. m.

water-water

The implementation of a water-to-water heat pump is practically no different from the previous one, however, the collector pipes are laid in groundwater that does not freeze throughout the year, or in a nearby reservoir. It is cheaper due to the following advantages:

• Maximum well drilling depth - 15 m
• You can get by with 1-2 submersible pumps

Biofuel boilers

If there is no desire and opportunity to equip a complex system consisting of pipes in the ground, solar modules on the roof, you can replace the classic boiler with a model that runs on biofuel. They need:

1. Biogas
2. straw pellets
3. Peat granules
4. Wood chips, etc.

Such installations are recommended to be installed together with the alternative sources considered earlier.In situations where one of the heaters does not work, it will be possible to use the second.

Main advantages

When deciding on the installation and subsequent operation of alternative sources of thermal energy, it is necessary to answer the question: how quickly will they pay off? Undoubtedly, the considered systems have advantages, among which:

• The cost of the energy produced is less than when using traditional sources
• High efficiency

However, one should be aware of the high initial material costs, which can reach tens of thousands of dollars. The installation of such installations cannot be called simple, therefore, the work is entrusted exclusively to a professional team that is able to provide a guarantee for the result.

Summing up

Demand is acquiring alternative heating for a private house, which becomes more profitable against the backdrop of rising prices for traditional sources of thermal energy. However, before starting to re-equip the current heating system, it is necessary to calculate everything by considering each of the proposed options.

It is also not recommended to abandon the traditional boiler. It must be left and in certain situations, when alternative heating does not fulfill its functions, it will remain possible to warm your home and not freeze.

Non-traditional energy sources: methods of obtaining

Non-traditional sources of energy supply are primarily the generation of electricity using wind, sunlight, tidal wave energy, and also using geothermal waters. But, besides this, there are other ways using biomass and other methods.

Namely:

1. Getting electricity from biomass.This technology implies the production of biogas from waste, which consists of methane and carbon dioxide. Some experimental installations (Michael's Humireactor) process manure and straw, which makes it possible to obtain 10–12 m3 of methane from 1 ton of material.
2. Getting electricity thermally. Converting thermal energy into electricity by heating some interconnected semiconductors consisting of thermoelements and cooling others. As a result of the temperature difference, an electric current is produced.
3. Hydrogen cell. This is a device that from ordinary water by electrolysis allows you to get a fairly large amount of hydrogen-oxygen mixture. At the same time, the cost of obtaining hydrogen is minimal. But such power generation is still only in the experimental stage.

Another type of electricity generation is a special device called a Stirling engine. Inside a special cylinder with a piston is a gas or liquid. With external heating, the volume of liquid or gas increases, the piston moves and makes the generator work in turn. Further, the gas or liquid, passing through the pipe system, cools and moves the piston back. This is a rather rough description, but it makes it clear how this engine works.

Sun and wind as alternative forms of energy

An alternative to obtaining both heat and electricity is relevant for many people. Small solar energy is the use of silicon-based solar batteries, the amount of energy received depends on the number of batteries, the latitude of the location of the house or other premises.

The technology of obtaining energy using generators is interesting, it is enough to connect a charge controller to the generator and connect the entire circuit with batteries, so you can get enough energy.

The use of special thermoelectric converters of heat energy into electricity, in other words, the use of a thermocouple made of semiconductors, is topical. One part of the pair is heated, the other is cooled, as a result of which free electricity appears, which can be used in everyday life. It can be used as a power generator for children, it is enough to connect a swing with a dynamo in the playground in order to receive a small percentage of electricity that can be used to light the playground.

Heat pumps for home heating

Heat pumps use all available alternative energy sources. They take heat from water, air, soil. In small quantities, this heat is there even in winter, so the heat pump collects it and redirects it to heating the house.

Heat pumps also use alternative energy sources - the heat of the earth, water and air

Principle of operation

Why are heat pumps so attractive? The fact that having spent 1 kW of energy for its pumping, in the worst case, you will receive 1.5 kW of heat, and the most successful implementations can give up to 4-6 kW. And this does not contradict the law of conservation of energy in any way, because energy is spent not on obtaining heat, but not on pumping it. So no inconsistencies.

Scheme of a heat pump for the use of alternative energy sources

Heat pumps have three working circuits: two external and they are internal, as well as an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser.The scheme works like this:

• A coolant circulates in the primary circuit, which takes heat from low-potential sources. It can be lowered into water, buried in the ground, or it can take heat from the air. The highest temperature reached in this circuit is around 6°C.
• The internal circuit circulates a heating medium with a very low boiling point (typically 0°C). When heated, the refrigerant evaporates, the vapor enters the compressor, where it is compressed to high pressure. During compression, heat is released, the refrigerant vapor is heated to an average temperature of +35°C to +65°C.
• In the condenser, heat is transferred to the coolant from the third - heating - circuit. Cooling vapors are condensed, then further enter the evaporator. And then the cycle repeats.

The heating circuit is best done in the form of a warm floor. Temperatures are the best for this. The radiator system will require too many sections, which is ugly and unprofitable.

Alternative sources of thermal energy: where and how to get heat

But the biggest difficulty is the device of the first external circuit, which collects heat. Since the sources are low-potential (there is little heat at the bottom), large areas are required to collect it in sufficient quantities. There are four types of contours:

• Rings laid in water pipes with a coolant. The body of water can be anything - a river, a pond, a lake. The main condition is that it should not freeze through even in the most severe frosts. Pumps that pump heat out of the river work more efficiently; much less heat is transferred in stagnant water. Such a heat source is the easiest to implement - throw pipes, tie a load. There is only a high chance of accidental damage.

• Thermal fields with pipes buried below freezing depth. In this case, there is only one drawback - large volumes of earthworks. We have to remove the soil over a large area, and even to a solid depth.

• Use of geothermal temperatures. A number of wells of great depth are drilled, and coolant circuits are lowered into them. What is good about this option is that it requires little space, but not everywhere it is possible to drill to great depths, and drilling services cost a lot. You can, however, make a drilling rig yourself, but the work is still not easy.

• Extraction of heat from the air. This is how air conditioners with the possibility of heating work - they take heat from the "outboard" air. Even at sub-zero temperatures, such units work, though at a not very “deep” minus - up to -15 ° C. To make the work more intensive, you can use the heat from the ventilation shafts. Throw a few slings with coolant there and pump heat from there.

The main disadvantage of heat pumps is the high price of the pump itself, and the installation of heat collection fields is not cheap. In this case, you can save money by making the pump yourself and also laying the contours with your own hands, but the amount will still remain considerable. The advantage is that heating will be inexpensive and the system will operate for a long time.

Air conditioners

Air conditioning is the most affordable and easiest alternative source of home heating. You can install one powerful on the entire floor or one in each room.

The most optimal option for using the air conditioner is in late spring or early autumn, when it is still not too cold outside and the gas boiler can not be started yet. This will reduce gas consumption at the expense of electricity and not exceed the monthly rate of gas consumption.

Important points:

• The boiler and air conditioner must be linked to each other to work in pairs. That is, the boiler must see that the air conditioner is working and not turn on while the room is warm. Here you can not do without a wall thermostat.
• Heating with electricity is not cheaper than gas. Therefore, you should not completely switch to heating with air conditioners.
• Not all air conditioners can be used at zero and frost.

Personal experience

I use four heat sources to heat my house: a gas boiler (main), a fireplace with a water circuit, six flat-plate solar collectors and an inverter air conditioner.

Why is it needed

1. Have a second (backup) source of heat if the gas boiler fails or its capacity becomes insufficient (severe frosts).
2. Save on heating. Due to different heat sources, you can control the monthly and annual gas consumption rate so as not to switch to a more expensive tariff.

Some statistics

The average gas consumption in January 2016 is 12 cubic meters per day. With a heated area of ​​200m2 and an additional basement.

	October	November	January
Consumption per month	63,51	140	376
Minimum	0,5	0,448	7,1
Maximum	5,53	10,99	21,99
Average per day	2,76	4,67	12,13

Fluctuations in consumption by day during the month are associated with different outdoor temperatures and the presence of the sun: on sunny days, collectors work, and gas consumption decreases.

conclusions

Heating without gas is possible. Some heat sources serve as a full-fledged replacement for a gas boiler, while others can only be used in addition. For convenience, let's combine everything in a table:

Alternative to gas	Addition
Ground source heat pump solid fuel boiler pellet boiler	Fireplace with water circuit air fireplace Pellet fireplace Solar collectors inverter air conditioners Air source heat pump Electric boilers

There are other alternative ways to heat a building that are not included in the list: stoves, buleryans, electric boilers and other heating devices.

And, of course, it is important to remember that installing other heat sources is not the only way to save gas and reduce dependence on it. We need to work on improving the overall energy efficiency of the building: identify and eliminate all heat leaks, use heat more efficiently and minimize building heat losses